MISS is the only Comprehensive DVT Center in the Bay Area

What Is Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)?

If blood moves too slowly through your veins, it can cause a clump of blood cells called a clot. When a blood clot forms in a vein deep inside your body, it causes what doctors call deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This is most likely to happen in your lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. But it can occur in other parts of your body, too.

DVT can lead to major health problems. In some cases, it can be fatal. That’s why if you think you have one, you must see a doctor right away.

DVT Symptom:

Not everyone with DVT shows symptoms. But you might notice any of the following:

• Leg or arm swelling that comes on without warning
• Pain or soreness when you stand or walk
• Warmth in the area that hurts
• Enlarged veins
• Skin that looks red or blue

If a blood clot breaks free and moves through your bloodstream, it can get stuck in a blood vessel of your lung. Doctors call this a pulmonary embolism, or PE. It can be fatal.

Some people don’t know they have DVT until this happens.

Signs of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) include:

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain that’s worse when you take a deep breath
• Coughing up blood
• Higher heart rate

DVT Causes: 

The causes of DVT include things that keep blood from:

• Flowing through your leg, thigh, or pelvis
• Clotting correctly

This usually happens as a result of damage to one of your veins due to:

• Surgery
• Inflammation
• Infection
• Injury

DVT Risk Factors:

Many things can raise your chances of getting DVT. 

Here are some of the most common: 

•  Age. DVT can happen at any age, your risk is greater after age 40.
• Sitting for long periods. When you sit for long stretches of time, the muscles in your lower legs stay still. This makes it hard for blood to circulate, or move around, the way it should. Long flights or car rides can put you at risk.
• Bed rest. When you’re in the hospital for a long time, this can also keep your muscles still and raise your odds of DVT.
• Pregnancy. Carrying a baby puts more pressure on the veins in your legs and pelvis. What’s more, a clot can happen up to 6 weeks after you give birth.
• Obesity. People with obesity – that's a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher – are at a higher risk. BMI measures how healthy your weight is based on how tall you are.
• Serious health issues. Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and heart disease can all raise your risk.
• Certain inherited blood disorders. Some diseases that run in families can make your blood thicker than normal or cause it to clot more than it should.
• Injury to a vein. This could result from a broken bone, surgery, or other trauma.
• Smoking. This makes blood cells stickier than they should be. It also harms the lining of your blood vessels. This makes it easier for clots to form.
• Birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy. The estrogen in these raises your blood’s ability to clot. (Progesterone-only pills don’t have the same risk.)
• Infection. When in your blood, veins, or elsewhere, it could lead to DVT.
• Inflammation. This could be due to infection, surgery, injury, or some other root cause.
• High cholesterol.

In some cases, neither the cause nor the symptoms of DVT are very clear, so tell your doctor about any changes you notice if you are at higher risk for DVT.

How Many People Get DVT:

DVT symptoms can be hard to find and often go unnoticed. So it's hard to estimate the number of diagnoses . But it's thought that about 8 in every 10,000 people get DVT every year. And lower-leg DVT happens  in every 1 in 1,000 people. But these numbers actually could be higher.

DVT Test & Diagnosis:

Your doctor will first do a physical exam of your leg and lower body areas to check for symptoms. If there is any swelling, tenderness, or change in skin color, they will likely want to run some tests to see if you have DVT. Such tests include:

Duplex ultrasound. This is the standard test for DVT. Your doctor will run an ultrasound to scan parts of your body for clots in your veins. An ultrasound scanner sends sound waves to create images showing how blood flows through your veins.  If your doctor finds a clot, they may want you to come back for more ultrasounds to see if it has grown or if there are any new ones.

D-dimer blood test. Most people with bad DVT will have D-dimer in their blood, It's a type of protein that comes from blood clots. Your doctor will do a blood test to see whether you have high levels of D-dimer.

MRI. MRIs are usually done for DVT in the lower abdomen or belly area. They are not standard for the more common forms of DVT.

Venography. This test is rarely done because it is so invasive. Your doctor will inject dye in your veins and take an X-ray to see if the dye is flowing properly through your veins. It can let your doctor to see if you have any clots. Other tests, like an ultrasound, are done first.

DVT Progression:

DVT can progress as your symptoms get worse. Signs of acute DVT include: 

• Pain in your leg or arm. It could be swollen and feel warmer than it normally does. 
• You may notice a change in skin color. It might be red. If you have a darker skin tone, this may be harder to see. 
• A bad headache that can come on suddenly. You might also have seizures.
• Bad belly pain (if blood clots are in your abdomen)

If you are breathless or have chest pain, this can be a bad progression in your DVT. You might feel lightheaded or faint. If this happens, you need medical care right away. These could be signs of a pulmonary embolism (PE), when the clot is going into your lungs. PE can be fatal if it's not caught early enough.

DVT Treatment:

Your doctor will want to stop the blood clot from getting bigger or breaking off and heading toward your lungs. They’ll also want to cut your chances of getting another DVT.

This can be done in one of three ways:

Medications for DVT

Blood thinners are the most common medications used to treat DVT. They cut your blood’s ability to clot. You may need to take them for 6 months. If your symptoms are severe or your clot is very large, your doctor may give you a strong medicine to dissolve it. These medications, called thrombolytics, have serious side effects like sudden bleeding. That’s why they’re not prescribed very often.

Procedure for DVT

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. If you can’t take a blood thinner or if one doesn’t help, your doctor may insert a small, cone-shaped filter inside your inferior vena cava. That’s the largest vein in your body. The filter can catch a large clot before it reaches your lungs.

Home remedies for DVT

Compression stockings. These special socks are very tight at the ankle and get looser as they reach your knee. This pressure prevents blood from pooling in your veins. You can buy some types at the drugstore. But your doctor might prescribe a stronger version that an expert can fit for you.

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